:root[data-palette=sepia]{--color-scheme: light;--color-text: #2c2416;--color-text-muted: #5f5340;--color-accent: #8b3a3a;--color-bg: #f4ead5;--color-bg-subtle: #e8dcc4;--color-border: #b8a580}:root[data-palette=forest]{--color-scheme: dark;--color-text: #e0ddd4;--color-text-muted: #b5b1a0;--color-accent: #7ba05b;--color-bg: #0f1210;--color-bg-subtle: #171c17;--color-border: #4a564a}@media(prefers-contrast:more){:root[data-palette=sepia]{--color-text: #111111;--color-text-muted: #444444;--color-accent: #b30000;--color-bg: #ffffff;--color-bg-subtle: #f0f0f0;--color-border: #999999}:root[data-palette=forest]{--color-text: #f0ede4;--color-text-muted: #b8b4a0;--color-accent: #90c060;--color-bg: #080a08;--color-bg-subtle: #1c221c;--color-border: #607060}}html.no-transition,html.no-transition body,html.no-transition [data-astro-cid-klj5ygrv]{transition:none!important}:root{--fi-title: "Sorts Mill Goudy", "Georgia", serif;--fi-body: "EB Garamond", "Garamond", serif;--fi-dropcap: "Sorts Mill Goudy", "Georgia", serif;--fi-cjk: "Kaiti SC", "KaiTi", serif;--fi-dropcap-size: 2}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}.folio{--fi-body-size: 1.2rem;font-family:var(--fi-body);font-size:var(--fi-body-size);line-height:1.7;max-width:585px;margin:0 auto;padding:clamp(3rem,8vw,6rem) clamp(1.5rem,5vw,3rem);padding-bottom:0;text-align:justify;hyphens:none}.folio h1{font-family:var(--fi-title);font-size:3rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center;margin:0;padding-top:clamp(4rem,12vw,8rem);line-height:1;padding-bottom:.2em}.folio h1+p{text-align:center;font-style:italic;color:var(--color-text-muted);margin-bottom:clamp(3rem,8vw,5rem);font-size:1.1rem}.folio h2{font-family:var(--fi-title);font-size:1.6rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center;margin-top:clamp(3rem,8vw,5rem);margin-bottom:.75em}.folio .fig+h2,.folio .fig-wrapper+h2{margin-top:1.1em}.folio h2+.fig,.folio h2+.fig-wrapper,.folio blockquote+.fig,.folio blockquote+.fig-wrapper{margin-top:clamp(3rem,8vw,5rem)}.folio p+.fig,.folio p+.fig-wrapper{margin-top:1.5em}.folio h3{font-family:var(--fi-title);font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;text-align:center;margin-top:2.5em;margin-bottom:1em}.folio p{margin-bottom:1em}.folio .subtitle{text-align:center;font-family:var(--fi-title);font-style:italic;color:var(--color-text-muted);font-size:1.5rem;margin:-.5em 0 0;text-indent:0}.folio .description{text-align:center;font-family:var(--fi-title);color:var(--color-text-muted);font-size:1.15rem;letter-spacing:.04em;margin:-.3em 0 0;text-indent:0}.folio .tagline{text-align:left;color:var(--color-text-muted);margin:0;text-indent:0}.seal-signup{text-align:center;margin:clamp(2rem,4vw,3rem) auto clamp(1.5rem,3vw,2rem);max-width:360px}.seal-text{font-family:var(--fi-body);font-style:italic;font-size:.95rem;color:var(--color-text-muted);margin-bottom:1.5em;line-height:1.5}.seal-form{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:.75em}.seal-input{background:transparent;border:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-border);color:var(--color-text);font-family:var(--fi-body);font-size:1.15rem;text-align:center;padding:.4em .15em;text-indent:.2em;width:100%;max-width:360px;outline:none;transition:border-color .2s ease}.seal-input:focus{border-bottom-color:var(--color-accent)}.seal-input{font-style:italic}.seal-input::placeholder{color:var(--color-text-muted);opacity:.5}.seal-button{background:none;border:1px solid var(--color-border);color:var(--color-text-muted);font-family:var(--fi-title);font-size:.8rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:.4em 1.5em;border-radius:2px;cursor:pointer;transition:color .15s ease,border-color .15s ease}.seal-button:hover{color:var(--color-text);border-color:var(--color-text-muted)}.seal-error{font-family:var(--fi-body);font-size:.8rem;color:var(--color-accent);font-style:italic;margin-top:.2em}.seal-form .seal-error:first-of-type{position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;right:0;margin-top:.15em}.seal-contact{font-family:var(--fi-body);font-size:.92rem;color:var(--color-text-muted);margin-top:2.5em;opacity:.8}.seal-contact a{color:var(--color-text-muted)}.authors-note{font-family:var(--fi-body);font-size:1rem;font-style:italic;color:var(--color-text-muted);margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:.3em;text-indent:0;text-align:left}.authors-note+h2{margin-top:.5em}.acknowledgments{font-family:var(--fi-body);font-size:1rem;color:var(--color-text-muted);margin-top:1em;opacity:.8;text-align:left;text-indent:0}.seal-signup{border:1px solid var(--color-border);padding:1.85em 2.3em .25em;max-width:483px;position:relative;text-align:left}.seal-signup:before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:4px;border:1px solid var(--color-border);opacity:.4;pointer-events:none}.seal-form{align-items:flex-start}.seal-input{text-align:left;max-width:100%}.seal-text{font-family:var(--fi-body);font-style:normal;font-size:1.09rem}.seal-form{position:relative}.seal-button{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;border:none;padding:.4em .2em;background:none;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--color-text-muted);opacity:.5;pointer-events:none;cursor:default;transition:opacity .2s ease,color .2s ease;font-size:0}.seal-button:before{content:"→";font-size:1rem}.seal-input:valid:not(:placeholder-shown)~.seal-button{opacity:1;color:var(--color-text);pointer-events:auto;cursor:pointer}.seal-input{padding-right:1.5em}.tagline{font-family:var(--fi-body);font-size:.95rem;margin-top:.8em;text-align:left}.tagline-1{border-top:1px solid var(--color-border);padding-top:.6em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-border);padding-bottom:.6em;margin-bottom:.5em}.folio h1+p,.folio h2+p,.folio h3+p,.folio blockquote+p,.folio .description+p{text-indent:0}.folio blockquote{margin:1.5em 0;font-size:.95rem;font-style:italic;color:var(--color-text-muted);text-align:left}.folio blockquote p{text-indent:0;margin-bottom:.5em}body[data-quote-wrap=justify] .folio blockquote{text-align:justify;hyphens:none}.folio hr{border:none;text-align:center;margin:clamp(2rem,6vw,4rem) 0}.folio hr:after{content:"§";font-size:1.2rem;color:var(--color-text-muted)}.folio ul{margin:0;padding-left:1.75em;text-align:left;hyphens:none;list-style:disc}.folio ol{margin:0;padding-left:1.75em;text-align:left;hyphens:none;list-style:decimal}.folio li{margin-bottom:.4em;line-height:1.55}.folio li::marker{color:var(--color-text-muted)}.folio p+ul,.folio p+ol{margin-top:-.5em}.folio a{color:var(--color-accent);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-accent)}.folio .cjk{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center}.folio ruby[lang=zh]{display:ruby}.folio ruby[lang=zh]{font-family:var(--fi-cjk, "Kaiti SC", "KaiTi", serif)}.folio ruby[lang=ja]{font-family:Shippori Mincho,Hiragino Mincho ProN,Yu Mincho,serif}.folio rt{font-size:.6em;font-weight:400;color:var(--color-text-muted);font-family:var(--fi-body)}.folio .cjk-trad{display:block;font-size:.7em;line-height:1;margin-top:-.4em;color:var(--color-text-muted);font-family:var(--fi-cjk, "Kaiti SC", "KaiTi", serif);opacity:.85;text-align:center}.folio .cjk-block-annotation .cjk{display:none}body[data-cjk=hover] .folio .cjk-annotated.cjk-block-annotation .cjk-tooltip{white-space:normal!important;width:min(500px,80vw);display:none}body[data-cjk=hover] .folio .cjk-annotated.cjk-block-annotation .cjk-tooltip.visible{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}.folio .cjk-block-pinyin,.folio .cjk-block-trad,.folio .cjk-block-simp{display:block;text-align:left;margin-bottom:.5em}.folio .cjk-block-pinyin{font-family:var(--fi-body);font-size:.85em;color:var(--color-text-muted);font-style:italic}.folio .cjk-block-trad{font-family:var(--fi-cjk, "Kaiti SC", "KaiTi", serif);font-size:1.1em;line-height:1.6}.folio .cjk-block-simp{font-family:var(--fi-cjk, "Kaiti SC", "KaiTi", serif);font-size:.85em;color:var(--color-text-muted);opacity:.85}.folio .cjk-annotated{position:relative}.folio .cjk-annotated .cjk{margin-left:.25em;opacity:.65}body[data-cjk=hover] .folio .cjk-annotated{text-decoration:underline dotted var(--color-accent);text-underline-offset:.2em;text-decoration-thickness:1px;cursor:help}body[data-cjk=hover] .folio .cjk-annotated .cjk{display:none}body[data-cjk=hover] .folio .cjk-annotated .cjk-tooltip{display:none;position:fixed;font-family:var(--fi-body);font-size:var(--fi-body-size);text-transform:none;letter-spacing:normal;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;color:var(--color-text);background:var(--color-bg-subtle);border:1px solid var(--color-border);border-radius:6px;padding:.4em .7em .2em;box-shadow:0 4px 16px #00000026;white-space:nowrap;z-index:50;pointer-events:auto}body[data-cjk=hover] .folio .cjk-annotated .cjk-tooltip.visible{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center}body[data-cjk=hover] .folio .cjk-annotated .cjk-tooltip.cjk-tooltip-nested{font-size:inherit}body[data-cjk=hover] .folio .cjk-annotated .cjk-tooltip.cjk-tooltip-nested rt{font-size:.85em}body[data-cjk=hover] .folio .cjk-annotated .cjk-tooltip.cjk-tooltip-nested .cjk-trad{font-size:.85em}body[data-cjk=hover] .folio .cjk-annotated .cjk-tooltip:after{content:"";position:absolute;top:100%;left:calc(50% - var(--popup-shift, 0px));transform:translate(-50%);border:6px solid transparent;border-top-color:var(--color-border)}::selection{background:var(--color-accent);color:var(--color-bg)}.footnotes{font-family:var(--fi-body);margin-top:clamp(3rem,8vw,6rem);padding-top:1.5em;border-top:1px solid var(--color-border);font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-text-muted)}.footnotes ol{padding-left:1.5em}.footnotes li{margin-bottom:.75em}a[data-footnote-backref]{text-decoration:none}a[data-footnote-ref]{font-size:.75em;vertical-align:super;text-decoration:none;color:var(--color-accent);font-weight:600}sup:has(a[data-footnote-ref])+sup:has(a[data-footnote-ref]){margin-left:.15em}.notes-section,.refs-section{font-family:var(--fi-body);font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-text-muted)}.notes-section{margin-top:1em;padding-top:1em;border-top:1px solid var(--color-border)}.refs-section{margin-top:2em;padding-top:1.5em;border-top:1px solid var(--color-border)}.notes-section h2,.refs-section h2{font-family:var(--fi-title);font-size:1.6rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center;margin:0 0 .75em;color:var(--color-text)}.notes-list,.refs-list{padding-left:1.5em}.notes-list li,.refs-list li{margin-bottom:.75em}.folio .notes-list{list-style:lower-alpha}.notes-section a,.refs-section a,.footnotes a{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.footnote-popup{font-family:var(--fi-body);display:none;position:absolute;bottom:calc(100% + 8px);left:50%;transform:translate(calc(-50% + var(--popup-shift, 0px)));width:max-content;max-width:min(390px,max(280px,30vw));padding:.75em 1em;background:var(--color-bg-subtle);border:1px solid var(--color-border);border-radius:6px;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-text-muted);box-shadow:0 4px 16px #00000026;z-index:100;font-style:normal;text-align:left;hyphens:none;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.footnote-popup.visible{display:block}.footnote-popup:after{content:"";position:absolute;top:100%;left:calc(50% - var(--popup-shift, 0px));transform:translate(-50%);border:6px solid transparent;border-top-color:var(--color-border)}.footnote-popup.popup-flipped:after{top:auto;bottom:100%;border-top-color:transparent;border-bottom-color:var(--color-border)}.footnote-popup-num{font-weight:700;color:var(--color-accent);font-size:.75rem;margin-right:.4em}.footnote-popup p{margin:0;display:inline}.folio .footnote-popup ul,.folio .footnote-popup ol,.folio .notes-section ul,.folio .notes-section ol,.folio .refs-section ul,.folio .refs-section ol,.sidenote ul,.sidenote ol,.folio .sidenote ul,.folio .sidenote ol{margin:.3em 0;padding-left:1.2em}.folio .footnote-popup li,.folio .notes-section li,.folio .refs-section li,.sidenote li,.folio .sidenote li{margin-bottom:.1em;line-height:1.4}aside.footnote-popup,aside.cjk-tooltip,aside.sidenote{margin:0}#sidenote-layer{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:0;height:0;overflow:visible;pointer-events:none;max-width:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:inherit;text-align:left}#sidenote-layer .sidenote{pointer-events:auto}.sidenote{display:none}@media(min-width:1100px){body[data-sidenotes] .sidenote{display:block;position:absolute;width:260px;font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.45;color:var(--color-text-muted);border-left:1px solid var(--color-border);padding-left:.75em;text-align:left;hyphens:none}body[data-sidenotes] .sidenote a{overflow-wrap:anywhere}body[data-sidenotes] .sidenote-num{font-weight:700;color:var(--color-accent);font-size:.7rem;margin-right:.3em}body[data-sidenotes] .sidenote p{margin:0;display:inline}}@media(min-width:1100px){body[data-toc] .toc{position:fixed;top:clamp(1.5rem,4vw,2.5rem);left:clamp(1rem,3vw,3rem);width:200px;max-height:calc(100vh - 4rem);overflow-y:auto;scrollbar-width:thin;z-index:10}}@media(max-width:1099px){body[data-toc] .toc{display:flex;align-items:center;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;background:var(--color-bg);padding:.5em clamp(.75rem,3vw,1.5rem)}body[data-toc] .toc .toc-header{display:none}body[data-toc] .toc .toc-current-label{display:block;font-size:.65rem;color:var(--color-text-muted);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;min-width:0}body[data-toc] .toc .toc-sub{display:none}body[data-toc] .toc .toc-link{display:block;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-text-muted) 50%,var(--color-border));padding:0;font-size:0;overflow:hidden;transition:background .15s ease}body[data-toc] .toc .toc-link.active{background:var(--color-accent)}body[data-toc] .toc .toc-mode-toggle-mobile{display:block}body[data-toc][data-toc-layout=split] .toc .toc-mode-toggle-mobile{margin-left:auto;order:1}body[data-toc][data-toc-layout=split] .toc .toc-list{display:flex;gap:.5em;order:2;margin-left:.75em}}.toc{font-family:var(--fi-title);font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.4}.toc-current-label,.toc-mode-toggle-mobile{display:none}.toc-header{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.4em;margin-bottom:.75em}.toc-home{color:var(--color-text-muted);text-decoration:none;font-size:.8rem;transition:color .15s ease;margin-right:.15em;border-bottom:none!important}.toc-home:hover{color:var(--color-accent)}.toc-home-mobile{display:none}@media(max-width:1099px){.toc-home-mobile{display:block;margin-left:-.5rem;margin-right:.4em;font-size:.75rem}}.toc-title{font-weight:700;font-size:.7rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.1em;color:var(--color-text-muted);margin-bottom:0}.toc-mode-toggle{background:none;border:none;color:var(--color-text-muted);font-size:.9rem;padding:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1;transition:color .15s ease}@media(min-width:1100px){.toc-mode-toggle{position:relative;top:-.06em}}.toc-mode-toggle:hover{color:var(--color-accent)}.toc-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.toc-item{margin-bottom:.3em}.toc-sub{padding-left:1em}.toc-link{color:var(--color-text-muted);text-decoration:none;transition:color .15s ease;display:block;padding:.15em 0}.toc-link:hover{color:var(--color-accent)}.toc-link.active{color:var(--color-accent);font-weight:600}body[data-dropcap-chapters] h2+p:not(.authors-note):not(.section-subtitle):first-letter,body[data-dropcap-chapters] h2+.authors-note+p:first-letter,body[data-dropcap-chapters] h2+blockquote+p:first-letter,body[data-dropcap-chapters] h2+.section-subtitle+p:first-letter{font-family:var(--fi-dropcap);font-weight:900;color:var(--color-accent);initial-letter:var(--fi-dropcap-size, 2);-webkit-initial-letter:var(--fi-dropcap-size, 2);margin-right:.1em}@supports not (initial-letter: 2){body[data-dropcap-chapters] h2+p:not(.authors-note):not(.section-subtitle):first-letter,body[data-dropcap-chapters] h2+.authors-note+p:first-letter,body[data-dropcap-chapters] h2+blockquote+p:first-letter,body[data-dropcap-chapters] h2+.section-subtitle+p:first-letter{float:left;font-size:3.4em;line-height:1;margin-right:0;margin-top:.16em;-webkit-text-stroke-width:.85px}}.noise-overlay{position:absolute;inset:0;pointer-events:none;z-index:1}[data-texture=noise-cotton] .noise-overlay{opacity:.25;mix-blend-mode:multiply;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='300' height='300'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.9' numOctaves='4' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}[data-texture=noise-laid] .noise-overlay{opacity:.3;mix-blend-mode:multiply;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='300' height='300'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.7' numOctaves='5' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}[data-texture=noise-watercolor] .noise-overlay{opacity:.35;mix-blend-mode:multiply;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='300' height='300'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.45' numOctaves='3' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}